One patient was admitted to a hospital due to "sepsis, chronic kidney disease, type 2 diabetes, shock, and cerebral infarction". Patient’s blood specimen was taken for clinical examination. Aerobic and anaerobic culture results of catheter blood and venous blood were both positive. The pathogen was identified as Staphylococcus pasteuri by VITEK MS, and the patient was diagnosed as catheter-related bloodstream infection caused by Staphylococcus pasteuri. Clinical empirical use of piperacillin for anti-infection treatment was ineffective, and vancomycin was eventually used for treatment based on in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Patient’s condition improved after removing the venous catheter. There are currently no reported cases of Staphylococcus pasteuri in China. Early identification of pathogen and adjustment of treatment plans based on antimicrobial susceptibility testing results are crucial for effective treatment of this case.