In recent years, the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) infection has become a global public health issue. Ceftazidime/avibactam (CAZ/AVI) has been approved as a novel antimicrobial agent for the treatment of healthcare-associated pneumonia/ventilator-associated pneumonia, bloodstream infection, infection after kidney transplantation, and severe infection combined with liver cirrhosis. However, the use of CAZ/AVI has also led to the emergence of drug-resistant strains. The major mechanisms of drug-resistance include over-expression of bla_KPC gene, mutation of β-lactamase and amino acids at key sites, changes in cell permeability caused by loss of membrane porin, and over-expression of efflux pump. This article reviews the research progress of CAZ/AVI in the treatment of CRKP infection, providing reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.