Objective To analyze the risk factors and survival status of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection in patients with aplastic anemia (AA) after haploid allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Haplo-HSCT). Methods Clinical data of 78 AA patients who underwent Haplo-HSCT in the hematology department of a hospital from January 1, 2019 to October 31, 2022 were analyzed retrospectively. The occurrence and onset time of EBV viremia, EBV-related diseases (EBV diseases), and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) were observed, risk factors and survival status were analyzed. Results Among the 78 patients, 38 were males and 40 were females, with a median age of 33 (9-56) years old; 53 patients experienced EBV reactivation, with a total incidence of 67.9%, and the median time for EBV reactivation was 33 (13, 416) days after transplantation. Among patients with EBV reactivation, 49 cases (62.8%) were simple EBV viremia, 2 cases (2.6%) were possible EBV di-seases, and 2 cases (2.6%) were already confirmed EBV diseases (PTLD). Univariate analysis showed that age 1<40 years old at the time of transplantation, umbilical cord blood infusion, occurrence of acute graft-versus-host disease(aGVHD) after transplantation, and concurrent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection were independent risk factors for EBV reactivation in AA patients after Haplo-HSCT. Multivariate analysis showed that concurrent CMV infection was an independent risk factor for EBV reactivation in AA patients after Haplo-HSCT (P=0.048). Ritu-ximab intervention before stem cell reinfusion was a factor affecting the duration of EBV reactivation (P<0.05). The mortality of EBV viremia, EBV diseases, and PTLD alone were 8.2%, 50.0%, and 100%, respectively. The 2-year overall survival rate of patients with and without EBV reactivation were 85.3%, and 90.7%, respectively, difference was not statistically significant (P=0.897). However, patients treated with rituximab had 2-year lower survival rate than those who did not use it, with a statistically significant difference (P=0.046). Conclusion EBV reactivation is one of the serious complications in AA patients after Haplo-HSCT, which affects the prognosis and survival of patients.