Climate change has emerged as a focal point of global concern in the 21st century. This paper systema-tically summarizes the direct and indirect impacts of climate change on human health, including directly causing human death and disability in the form of disasters, and increasing the risk of climate-sensitive diseases, including chronic non-infectious diseases, infectious diseases, mental and psychological problems, as well as allergic diseases and malnutrition through changes in temperature and humidity, air pollution, as well as changes in the geographical distribution of disease vectors. Based on these, within the global governance framework, this paper focuses on the challenges faced by medical institutions in the field of infection prevention and control, and explores in depth infection control response strategies from five aspects, so as to provide reference for further enhancing the climate resi-lience capacity of the medical system and safeguarding public health.