Objective To analyze the occurrence and risk factors of needlestick and sharps injuries (NSIs) among oral health care workers (HCWs). Methods NSIs reported by West China Hospital of Stomatology from 2020 to 2023 were collected, and factors relevant to NSIs were analyzed. Results A total of 391 cases of NSIs were reported. Only one case of injury was caused by a sterile device, while the remaining 390 cases were caused by contaminated devices. There were 85, 107, 113, and 86 cases in 2020, 2021, 2022, and 2023, respectively. Most NSIs occurred among interns (n=235, 60.1%). 294 cases (75.2%) of NSIs occurred among HCWs who had less than 3 years of clinical experience. The distribution of NSIs among 235 interns in different months showed that NSIs accounted for a relatively high proportion from April to June and July to September, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The ventral side of the left thumb was the most common site of NSIs (n=53, 13.6%), followed by the ventral side of the right index finger (n=45, 11.5%) and the ventral side of the left index finger (n=44, 11.3%). The most common devices involved in NSIs were various types of syringe needles (n=84, 21.5%), followed by various types of dental burs (n=76, 19.4%) and suture needles (n=49, 12.5%). Injuries mainly occurred during the treatment process (n=212, 54.2%) and in the department of endodontics (n=86, 22.0%). This study didn’t find any occupational bloodborne infection case caused by NSIs. Conclusion NSIs mainly occur among inexperienced oral interns, and devices causing NSIs are related to the treatment process.