Objective To explore the isolation and significance of Oligella in urine specimens, improve clinical awareness, and enhance the level of clinical diagnosis and treatment of the bacterium. Methods Clinical data of 3 patients from whom Oligella was detected in urine cultures in a hospital were retrospectively analyzed, and relevant literatures were retrieved from databases for review. Results Among these 3 cases in this hospital, one patient had asymptomatic bacteriuria and did not receive antimicrobial treatment, after receiving supportive treatments such as kidney protection and blood sugar control, the condition improved. Two cases were clinically diagnosed as infection and improved after treatment with phosphomycin and moxifloxacin, respectively. Three cases in this study and 85 cases in the literature review showed that 59 cases had asymptomatic bacteriuria, 27 cases had urinary tract infections, and 2 cases had symptoms of urinary incontinence (urinary tract infection was possible). Oligella urethralis was susceptible to most antimicrobial agents except fluoroquinolones. However, Oligella ureolytica exhibited uncertain antimicrobial susceptibility. Conclusion Oligella mainly exists in a colonized state in the urinary system and can also cause urinary tract infections, it can also be isolated from a small number of urinary incontinence patients, and its relationship with urinary incontinence needs further research. There are differences in antimicrobial susceptibility among different species of Oligella, clinical practice should correctly understand the significance of detecting this bacteria from urine specimens and use antimicrobial agents rationally.