Objective To understand the implementation of WS/T 508-2016 and the status of washing and disinfection of medical textiles in China, and provide basis for the revision of the standard. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted on the management of medical institutions and washing and disinfection workplace, building layout, personnel protection, equipment and supplies, washing and disinfection principles, and hygiene quality monitoring of medical textiles in 323 medical institutions and 31 washing institutions in China. Meanwhile, microbiological index sampling was conducted on 234 pieces of medical textiles in 9 medical institutions and 8 washing institutions in Hubei, Shanxi, Shanghai, and Sichuan Provinces before and after washing and disinfection. Results The awareness rates of WS/T 508-2016 among medical institutions and washing institutions were 96.90% and 96.77%, respectively, and the implementation rates were 94.12% and 96.77%, respectively. 47.99% medical institutions use purchasing services for washing and disinfecting medical textiles, and the higher the level of the medical institution was, the higher the proportion of purchasing services was (χ²=15.312, P<0.001). 85.16% medical institutions have conducted risk assessments on service providers, and 52.99% were responsible for or participated in pre-job training by the medical institution. Washing institutions were higher than medical institutions in terms of system soundness rate, pre-job training rate, proportion of quality management leaders and full-time (part-time) quality inspectors, setting rate of hand-washing facilities in zones, passages, isolation barriers, dressing (buffer) room, and toilets, configuration rate of hygiene isolation washing equipment, tunnel washing unit, washing equipment with heating functions, drying equipment and mechanical ventilation facilities, and specialty machine washing rate. Among 234 medical textiles specimens, 11.97% were detected fungi, and the total fungal colonies in 5 clean textiles exceeded 100 CFU/100 cm². Conclusion WS/T 508-2016 can further standardize the washing and disinfection of medical textiles in China through strengthening institutional management, improving the supervision level of service providers, perfecting hardware facilities and layout, introducing new technologies, and increasing the monitoring on fungi in clean textiles.