Objective To analyze the epidemiological distribution characteristics and influencing factors of treatment outcome of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients complicated with diabetes mellitus (DM) in Bijie City from 2017 to 2022, and provide reference for formulating prevention and control measures of PTB-DM. Methods The registered management cases of PTB patients combined with DM from the tuberculosis surveillance report information management system in Bijie City in 2017-2022 were collected. Changing trends in annual registration rates and successful treatment rates were analyzed with Joint-point regression models. Different characteristics between patients with PTB-DM and PTB alone were conducted comparative analysis; the influencing factors of treatment outcome were analyzed by χ² test and binary logistic regression analysis. Results A total of 679 PTB-DM patients were registered in Bijie City from 2017 to 2022, accounting for 1.53% of total PTB patients, the annual registration rate increased from 1.11/100 000 in 2017 to 3.08/100 000 in 2022, with an increasing trend in the annual percentage change (APC=26.67%, 95%CI: 5.36%-52.29%, t＝3.564, P＝0.024). In the analysis on characteristics, the proportion of PTB-DM male patients, age ≥45 years and farmers, the ratio of direct consultation to transfer treatment, the pathogenicity positive rate, the proportion re-treatment, and rate of delay in consultation were all higher than those of PTB alone; successful treatment rate and proportion of floating population were all lower than PTB alone, difference were all statistically significant (all P<0.05). The successful treatment rate of PTB-DM patients in Bijie City from 2017 to 2022 was 87.80%. Age, occupation, pathogenicity diagnosis results were influencing factors for treatment outcome in patients with PTB-DM, with farmers (OR=3.68, 95%CI: 1.22-11.09), with pathogenicity positivity (OR=2.84, 95%CI: 1.24-6.50), and without pathogenic detection result+tuberculous pleurisy (OR=11.35, 95%CI: 2.16-59.74) being risk factors for successful treatment. Conclusion Although the proportion of PTB-DM in the total PTB patients in Bijie City from 2017 to 2022 was not high, it showed an upward trend; it is necessary to attach great importance to male, re-treated, farmer, and pathogenicity positivity comorbid patients in Bijie City, and strengthen the two-way screening of PTB-DM in high-risk populations.