Currently, aging is a major public health topic globally. Infectious diseases exhibit high incidence and mortality among the elderly, which seriously affect the quality of life of the elderly and cause a heavy economic burden. The changes of immune function in the elderly are complicated. Their immune response and clinical immune regulation methods after infection need further clarification. This expert consensus summarizes the immune characteristics of the elderly and the inherent connection with infections, the application of glucocorticoids, the use of related immune modulators, as well as diagnosis and treatment under specific conditions, providing high-quality recommendations for clinical practice.