Objective To investigate the occurrence of hemodialysis events in patients who received maintenance hemodialysis in outpatient setting in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province, and provide basis for the formulation of infection prevention and control strategies in this area. Methods Based on the standards from Center for Disease Control and Prevention-National Healthcare Safety Network (CDC-NHSN) as well as the WS/T 312-2023 standards, four public hospitals (two secondary and two tertiary hospitals) in three counties and one city of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture were selected, and prospective surveillance method was adopted. A total of 826 patients (n=8 675 cases) who received maintenance hemodialysis on the first two working day of each month from March 2024 to March 2025 were surveilled. Data were collected with standardized form by infection control teams in dialysis centers. Statistical analysis was conducted. Results During the surveillance period, the incidence of hemodialysis events was 5.15% (447/8 675). The incidence (16.67%, 36/216) and mortality (10.00%, 4/40) of hemodialysis events in patients with non-tunneled catheters were the highest among patients with all types of access. Patients with tunneled-catheters had the highest hospitalization rate (42.86%). Systemic use of antimicrobial agents accounted for 82.33% (368/447). Upper respiratory tract infection was the main infection (38.32%). Infection at the puncture site of vascular access accounted for 16.78% (75/447). Four cases (0.89%, 4/447) had positive blood culture. Conclusion Systemic antimicrobial use and infection at vascular access puncture site is the most frequent events in patients who receive maintenance hemodialysis in outpatient setting in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province. Patients with non-tunneled catheters have the highest rate of hemodialysis events.