Objective To comprehensively evaluate the prevalence of and influencing factors for low-level viraemia (LLV) in Chinese patients receiving antiviral therapy for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection through systematic review and Meta-analysis. Methods Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, China Biomedicine (CBM), VIP, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang Data were systematically retrieved. Retrieval time was from the establishment of the database to February 2024. Literatures related to the prevalence of LLV in patients receiving antiviral therapy for HIV infection were retrieved using combination of keywords and free words. Stata 16.0 software was used for Meta-analysis. Random effects model was adopted to calculate the combined prevalence and its 95% confidence interval. Results A total of 15 papers were included in analysis, involving 191 212 specimens. Meta-analysis random effects model showed that the prevalence of LLV in Chinese patients receiving antiviral therapy for HIV infection was 13.00% (95%CI: 7.82%-19.24%). Subgroup analysis showed that cross-sectional studies, northern regions, males, age ≥50 years, heterosexual transmission routes, baseline CD4⁺T lymphocyte count < 200 cells/μL, and patients who had ever changed therapy regimens had higher LLV prevalence. Conclusion The prevalence of LLV in patients receiving antiviral therapy for HIV infection is relatively higher. Attention should be paid to such high-risk population, and appropriate antiviral therapy schemes should be selected as early as possible. Timely intervention is necessary when LLV occurs.