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ObjectiveTo test the relation between adenosine triphosphate (ATP) biofluorescence detection technology and bacterial colony forming unit (CFU) and blood content.MethodsEscherichia coli （E. coli） ATCC  8099 and heathy controls’ blood were diluted to the concentration of 10-1,10-2,10-3,10-4,10-5,10-6 and 10-7, respectively, then lysate, luciferase and ATP standard substance were added, relative light unit (RLU) values were determined twice by fluorimeter, ATP contents(amol) were converted according to formula(ATP content=A1A2-A1×106); hemoglobin values were measured by hematology analyzer to reflect protein residue level. Curve demarcate standardization was made to show the relation between diluted bacteria, hemoglobin content and ATP content.ResultsBacterial CFU and ATP content logarithm values (y=1.07x-0.55,R2=0.99), bacterial CFU and ATP RLU logarithm values (y=1.14x+0.33,R2=0.99) showed linear relationship respectively. There was no significant difference between the logical values figured out by different RLU values and the actual values. After hemodilution, hemoglobin and ATP RLU logarithm values also showed linear relationship (y=1.03x-8.42, R2=0.99).ConclusionATP biofluorescence detection technology can detect the content of bacteria and protein through ATP value and RLU, it can determine contamination degree and clean effect of medical equipments and object surface, it’s a new， sensitive and rapid detection method.

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ObjectiveTo evaluate the causes and clinical features of 245 fever of unknown origin(FUO) cases.MethodsClinical data of 245 hospitalized FUO patients from January,2009 to April, 2011 in a hospital were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsOf 245 patients with FUO, 220 cases (89.80%) were diagnosed definitely，25 cases (10.20%) were still not diagnosed definitely when they discharged from hospital. The overall etiology distribution were as follows: 158 (64.49%) were infectiou diseases, 63.92%(101/158) of which were caused by bacteria/fungi， 23.42% (37/158) were tuberculosis; 33(13.47%) were connective tissue disease(CTD), 60.16%(20/33) of which were adultonset Still’s disease; 22 (8.98%) were tumor, 59.09%(13/22) of which were lymphoma; 7（2.86%） were other diseases.ConclusionThe main causes in FUO are infectious diseases, bacteria/fungi infection is the most common cause; In addition, the percentage of the CTD and tumor are also relatively high. Most FUO cases can be diagnosed definitely through careful physical examination, clinical analysis, and necessary laboratory test.

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ObjectiveTo investigate the drugresistance, drugresistant genes and prevalence of reducible clindamycin resistance of methicillinresistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus (MRSH) in Suzhou district of Anhui province.MethodsSusceptibility of 42 MRSH isolates to 16 kinds of antimicrobial agents were performed with ATB STAPH5 strip microdilute testing; drugresistant genes mecA,qacA/B/C,qacA,ermA/B/C,ermB and TetM in MRSH were detected with polymerase chain reaction; inducible clindamycin resistance was detected with Dtest.ResultsSensitive rates of 42 MRSH isolates to vancomycin and nitrofurantoin were both 100.00%, sensitive rates to rifampicin, minocycline, quinupristin/dalfopristin and teicoplanin were all >90%; resistant rates to gentamicin, norfloxacin and levofloxacin were all >70%, resistant rates to penicillin,oxacillin and erythromycin were all 100.00%. The positive rate of mecA,qacA/B/C, qacA, ermA/B/C, ermB and TetM gene was 100.00%(42 isolates), 64.29%(27), 59.52%(25), 40.48%(17), 28.57%(12) and 9.52%(4) respectively. 13 MRSH isolates were Dtest positive，30.95% of which was inducible drugresistance.ConclusionMRSH isolated from Suzhou district of Anhui province showed multidrug resistance, antimicrobial agents should be chosen rationally according to antimicrobial susceptibility testing results.

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ObjectiveTo study the distribution and drug resistance of coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CNS) isolated from the object surface and hands of healthcare workers in medical settings, and to provide scientific basis for controlling healthcareassociated infection.MethodsCNS were isolated and identified with bacterial biochemical identification instrument WalkaWay40s1 and microbiochemical tube, antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed with disk diffusion method, drugresistant gene mecA was detected by polymerase chain reaction method.ResultsA total of 63 isolates of CNS were isolated from 478 object surface samples and 363 hand samples, the isolation rate was 7.49%, 15 CNS isolates were from object surface, 38 were from nurses’ hands and 10 were from doctors’ hands. 24 (38.09%) isolates carried mecA gene and were methicillinresistant CNS (MRCNS),12 of which were Staphylococcus epidermidis, 6 were Staphylococcus haemolyticus, 5 were Staphylococcus warneri，and 1 was Staphylococcus capitis subsp.capitis; drug resistant rate of Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, and Staphylococcus warneri to penicillin, amoxicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, erythromycin, cefazolin, and imipenem was above 87.50% respectively, the resistant rate to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole， levofloxacin, clindamycin,ciprofloxacin,tetracycline, and gentamycin were 20.83%-45.83%. ConclusionCNS carried by object surface and hands of healthcare workers in medical settings are multidrugresistant and should be paid attention.

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ObjectiveTo identify and characterize one Enterobacteriaceae isolate which could crossagglutinate with Salmonella diagnostic antiserum.MethodsPhenotype and genotype of the isolate were determined by culture，metabolic assay, agglutination reaction， and 16S rRNA sequence phylogenetic analysis, respectively.ResultsThe isolate was consistent with Escherichia coli on culture and biochemical features, but could crossagglutinate with multiple types or groupspecific Salmonella antiserum rather than Escherichia coli antiserum. 16S rRNA sequence analysis revealed that the isolate was identical with Escherichia coli, but was obviously different from Salmonella spp.ConclusionOne Escherichia coli isolate which can crossagglutinate with Salmonella diagnostic antiserum has been obtained in this study.

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ObjectiveTo evaluate the drug resistance of three common nonfermentative bacterial healthcareassociated lower respiratory tract (LRT) infection in an intensive care unit（ICU）, and risk factors of multidrug resistant (MDR) nonfermentative bacterial infection.MethodsDistribution and drug resistance of 182 nonfermentative isolates causing LRT in ICU patients from January， 2009 to December, 2010 were analyzed; risk factors for 91 cases infected with MDR nonfermentative bacteria were analyzed by Logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe three most common nonfermentative bacteria were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (41.36%,79/191), Acinetobacter baumannii (40.32%,77/191)， and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (13.62%,26/191); drugresistant rate of Acinetobacter baumannii to the third and fourth generation cephalosporins, quinolones, and aminoglycosides were up to above 80%; drugresistant rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to imipenem was above 35%, to ceftriaxone and cefotaxime was up to more than 70%; drugresistant rate of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole increased from 7.14% in 2009 to 66.67% in 2010(χ2=7.66,P=0.00), resistant rate to minocycline was 8.33%. Duration of healthcareassociated infection (HAI) >2 weeks(OR=4.53, P=0.03), drug combination use >72 hours (OR=3.51, P=0.03) were independent risk factors for MDR nonfermentative bacterial healthcareassociated LRT infection (OR=3.51, P=0.03).ConclusionNonfermentative bacteria is the important pathogen in healthcareassociated LRT infection in ICU, with high rate of drug resistance. It is important to prevent MDR nonfermentative bacterial LRT infection by strict limitation on the indication of ICU admission, proper measures according to risk factors, and strict control of antimicrobial agents.

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ObjectiveTo understand the clinical significance of interleukin12(IL12) in pulmonary tuberculosis (TB).MethodsSerum IL12 in 80 TB patients before receiving antiTB treatment were detected by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay, and were compared with 30 healthy volunteers (healthy control) and 20 patients with 6month followup after effective antiTB treatment, significance of IL12 was studied in patients who were subdivided into several groups according to common clinical indicators of TB.ResultsThe average serum IL12 level in 80 pulmomary TB patients was (41.49±34.22)pg/mL, which was significantly lower than (58.12±44.92)pg/mL in healthy control group(t=2.51,P<0.05). Serum IL12 level in 20 followedup patients increased from (12.93±12.48)pg/mL before treatment to (66.26±20.97)pg/mL after treatment (t=-6.88,P<0.05). There was no significant difference in serum IL12 level between 20 followedup patients and healthy control group(t=-0.60,P>0.05).There was no statistical difference in serum IL12 level between the following groups respectively: simple pulmonary TB/pulmonary TB associated with tuberculous pleurisy, pulmonary cavity/nonpulmonary cavity, lung lesions showed by CT <3 lobes/≥ 3 lobes, sputum TB positive/negative, tuberculin test positive/negative, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)/ normal ESR, PPD strongly positive/ nonstrongly positive (all P>0.05).ConclusionIL12 level is closely related with activity in pulmonary TB, it can reflect the immune state in patients, and judge activity and prognosis of pulmonary TB.

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ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence and risk factors for hepatitis C virus （HCV） infection in hemodialysis(HD) patients at a hospital in Changsha.MethodsGeneral information and clinical data of 74 patients who received HD from January to July,2010 in a hospital were collected, univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors for HCV infection.ResultsOf 74 patients, 23 were HCV antibody positive, the prevalence of HCV infection was 31.08%. Univariate analysis showed that HCV infection was associated with duration of HD, history of blood transfusion, the number of hospitals offering HD, and frequency of HD per week； multivariate analysis showed that the duration of HD and the number of hospitals offering HD were major risk factors.ConclusionDuration of HD and the number of hospitals offering HD are direct risk factors for HCV infection in HD patients.

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ObjectiveTo achieve autoscreen and intellectual judgement on suspected healthcareassociated infection(HAI) cases in the realtime HAI surveillance system. MethodsThe screening strategy and prewarning condition of suspected HAI cases were formulated according to Diagnostic Criteria of Healthcareassociated Infections and experience in manually looking up HAI in medical records. The system can extract infectionrelated information from hospital information system (HIS), lab information system (LIS), radiology information system (RIS), and electronic medical record (EMR) system. All the information can be sorted, integrated and analyzed according to the correlativity between extracted information and development of infection. Then the prewarning information of suspected infection cases are output according to different departments. The sensitivity and correctness of the system is validated through comparing with the result of retrospective study by manually looking up medical records.Results30-40 suspected HAI cases in the hospital with 3 600 beds are found by the system everyday, one infection management professional can deal with all suspected cases between 1 and 1.5 hours; then all the infection data can be obtained automatically.Comparing with the result of retrospective study by manually looking up medical records, HAI cases confirmed by the system increases by 20%.ConclusionRealtime HAI surveillance system has the features of timeliness, high efficiency, and correctness. Autoscreen and intellectual judgement can save time for infection management professionals to screen and diagnose infection, and improve efficiency and effectiveness in preventing and controlling infection.

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ObjectiveTo evaluate the causes and control measures of outbreak of Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) pulmonary infection in an intensive care unit (ICU), so as to reduce the incidence of such infection.MethodsEpidemiological investigation and environmental hygiene monitor were performed on 7 cases of clustering A.baumannii pulmonary infections in ICU within 2 weeks by prospective and retrospective investigation, various risk factors were analyzed and appropriate measures were taken to control the infection.ResultsPrevalence of pandrugresistant A. baumannii infection in ICU was 28.00%(7/25); ICU environment was contaminated, drugresistant pattern of A. baumannii from sputum culture and environment was similar, A. baumannii infection was controlled after appropriate measures were taken.ConclusionEnvironmental contamination in ICU was the cause of the outbreak of A. baumannii pulmonary infection. Environmental cleaning can prevent and control outbreak of A. baumannii infection.

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ObjectiveTo investigate the distribution and antimicrobial  resistance of clinical isolates of Haemophilus influenzae (H. influenzae) from Hubei province.MethodsClinical isolates of H. influenzae were collected from 15 tertiary hospitals in Hubei province  from 2008 to 2010. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed  by KirbyBauer disc diffusion method and results were analyzed according to CLSI 2009 guideline;βlactamase was detected with nitrocefin disk testing.ResultsA total of 855 H. influenzae isolates were collected, 673(78.71%) of which were from inpatients ; 87.37% (747 isolates) were from respiratory samples; 575 isolates (67.25%) were  from adults , and 280 (32.75%) from children,56.07% (157 isolates) of which were  from children under  2 years old . The resistant rate to trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole,ampicillin,chloramphenicol and ampicillin/sulbactam was  58.0%,42.9%,16.9% and 16.2%, respectively, the resistant rate to   cefuroxime, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin  and azithromycin were all <10%. 232 isolates (27.13%) produced betalactamase; 22.26% of adult isolates and  37.14% of child isolates  were betalactamase positive . A total of 32 isolates were  betalactamase negative ampicillinresistant (BLNAR) H. influenzae.ConclusionMost  isolated H. influenzae from  Hubei province were from respiratory samples of inpatients,the resistance  to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and ampicillin are high, the prevalence of betalactamase isolates from children is higher than that from  adults. The primary mechanism of ampicillin resistance in H. influenzae is production of betalactamase.

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ObjectiveTo investigate the resistance of clinical bacterial isolates from a hospitals in 2010.MethodsAntimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial isolates from inpatients was detected by BDautomatic identification of bacterial analyzer, and data were analyzed with WHONET5.4 software.ResultsA total of 2 192 pathogenic strains were isolated from various clinical specimens from January to December，  2010, 67.97% of which was gramnegative bacilli and 32.03% was grampositive cocci. 19.69% of Staphylococcus aureus and 54.59% of coagulase negative Staphylococcus was methicillinresistant (MRSA and MRCNS respectively). The resistant rates of methicillinresistant strains to βlactams and other antimicrobial agents were much higher than those of methicillinsensitive strains. The resistant rate of MRSA to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, rifampin, tetracycline, and gentamicin was 1.67%, 41.54%,44.62%,and 58.46%， respectively, the resistant rates of MRCNS to rifampin and tetracycline was 17.27% and 36.70%， respectively; vancomycin,teicoplanin and linezolidresistant strain was not found. The resistant rates of Enterococcus faecalis to most detected antimicrobial agents were much lower than those of Enterococcus faecium. One linezolidresistant Enterococcus faecalis isolate was first reported in this hospital, vancomycinresistant strain was not found. Extendedspectrum βlactamase(ESBL)producing strains accounted for 44.29% of Escherichia coli and 15.79% of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Resistant rates of ESBLproducing Enterobacteriaceae strains were higher than nonESBLproducing Enterobacteriaceae strains. Resistant rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to imipenem and meropenem was 26.73% and 13.79%, respectively, resistant rate of Acinetobacter spp. (92.91% were Acinetobacter baumannii) to above two carbapenems was 31.35% and 27.17%, respectively.ConclusionBacterial resistance is on the rise, especially drug resistance of gramnegative bacilli; resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa to carbapenems is increasing.It is important to use antimicrobial agents rationally, detect pandrugresistant strains early, and strengthen infection control.

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ObjectiveTo understand the distribution of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) in healthcareassociated infection (HAI) as well as the environment, and to evaluate their relation.MethodsBacteria in clinical samples from a hospital from June, 2006 to June, 2009 were cultured and isolated with routine method, and strains were identified by using VITEK32 system.Serotyping of PA were performed by using standard serum of PA.ResultsOf 196 clinically isolated PA, serotyping rate was 90.82% (178 isolates), the main serotypes were type G（26.02%）, E（15.31%）,F（14.29%）, B（10.21%）,H（9.69%）, and I（7.14%）, but type A, J,and K were not found; Of 25 environmentally isolated PA, serotyping rate was 96.00%（24 isolates）, the main serotypes were type G（32.00%）,F（24.00%）,B（16.00%）, and E（12.00%）.ConclusionPA isolated from patients and environment has similar serotypes, it shows that there is certain relation; Bacterial serotyping can combine bacterial detection with HAI surveillance, and can be used for clinical epidemiological investigation.

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目的了解临床医务人员在医疗活动期间洗手前、后手带菌情况，为医院感染防控及管理提供依据。方法春夏秋冬4个季节随机采集临床科室150名医务人员在医疗活动期间洗手前、后手部样本进行微生物学检测。结果150名医务人员医疗活动期间洗手前的手菌落均数为（22.03±2.32）CFU/cm2，洗手后为（8.08±1.17）CFU/cm2，洗手前后手菌落均数比较，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。洗手前，医务人员手采样培养出细菌共21种，其中革兰阳性（G+）球菌4种（19.05%）,革兰阴性（G-）杆菌16种（76.19%），G+杆菌1种（4.76%)；洗手后减少为15种，其中G+球菌4种（26.67%）, G-杆菌10种（66.67%）, G+杆菌1种（6.67%）。结论规范、有效地洗手能显著减少手部细菌，从而降低经手传播医院感染的风险。

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目的了解某市城区男性长途汽车司乘人群对艾滋病知识知晓情况及高危行为，以加强宣传教育。方法采用连续抽样方法，对该市城区400名男性长途汽车司乘人员进行问卷调查及人免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）、梅毒和丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）检测。结果400名男性长途汽车司乘人员对艾滋病基本知识的知晓率为83.50%；不同文化程度的司乘人员艾滋病知识知晓率存在差异（P=0.000），文化程度低者艾滋病知识知晓率低。有47人（11.75%）在最近一年与女性性工作者发生过性行为，其中只有14人（29.79%）坚持每次使用安全套。未发现HIV阳性和HCV阳性者，梅毒抗体阳性1人（0.25%）。结论男性长途汽车司乘人员对艾滋病知识缺乏了解，特别是文化程度低者；高危行为发生率较高，是感染HIV的高危人群。应采取有针对性的综合干预措施，使其改变高危行为或采取安全性行为。

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目的了解某基层医院重症监护室(ICU)呼吸机相关性肺炎（VAP）发生率及病原体分布，探讨有效的干预措施。 方法对2009年7月1日—2010年6月30日入住该院综合ICU治疗并使用过呼吸机的患者进行监测，转出ICU的患者到相应科室监测48 h。结果监测期间ICU入住患者638例，其中300例使用呼吸机，呼吸机使用率为47.02%；发生VAP 48例, VAP发生率为16.00%。共分离病原体52株，以鲍曼不动杆菌（14株，26.93%）、铜绿假单胞菌（8株，15.39%）及大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌（各3株，分别占5.77%）为主。14株鲍曼不动杆菌对亚胺培南、美罗培南、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦的敏感率＞70%，对米诺环素仅1株耐药，对其他抗菌药物的耐药率>85%。铜绿假单胞菌对左氧氟沙星、头孢噻肟、环丙沙星、庆大霉素的耐药率>50%。结论该院ICU 发生VAP的患者分离病原体以革兰阴性杆菌为主，耐药性高。应针对可能造成医院感染的因素，采取有效措施预防和控制感染的发生。

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目的分析某三级传染病医院医务人员职业暴露的常见危险因素，并提出有效的防护对策。方法对该院2007年1月—2010年12月发生且上报登记的81例职业暴露者的职业分布、暴露源、途径和程度、暴露后处理及随访等相关情况进行调查分析。结果81例职业暴露者以护士（62.96%）和医生（30.86%）为主；暴露源以乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）为主，占暴露总人数的79.01%；暴露途径以输液过程针刺伤（45.68%）和手术过程锐器伤（29.63%）为主；暴露后均及时进行检测和预防用药，未发生因职业暴露而导致医务人员感染。结论加强对传染病医院医务人员职业暴露知识培训，增强医务人员职业防护意识,规范操作流程，完善预防体系，可有效降低职业暴露危害及暴露后感染的发生。

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目的了解某县乡镇卫生院（室）感染管理人员工作现状，针对性地提出改进对策。方法采取现场查看和统一问卷调查的方法，对该县36所乡镇卫生院（室）的医院感染管理人员工作现状进行调查。结果36所乡镇卫生院（室）均有医院感染管理兼职人员；有健全的医院感染管理组织者32所，占88.89%。医院感染管理挂靠部门主要为医教科（9所，25.00%）和护理部（11所，30.56%）；12所（33.33%）卫生院（室）医院感染管理既未挂靠也未单独成科。30所（83.33%）卫生院（室）感染管理人员是一般工作人员兼职，无岗位职务；仅6所（16.67%）卫生院（室）有岗位职务者。感染管理人员的职业类别分别为：临床医生（9所，25.00%）、护士（11所，30.56%）、预防保健人员（3所，8.33%），13所（36.11%）卫生院（室）是非医学专业人员从事医院感染管理工作。19 所乡镇卫生院（室）医院感染管理人员3年内有岗位变动，4所乡镇卫生院（室）医院感染管理人员从未外出学习。结论乡镇卫生院（室）领导应重视医院感染管理工作，强化组织体系职能，提高工作人员业务素质，以满足现今基层医院感染管理工作要求。

Abstract:

目的了解当前基层卫生院医院感染管理现状。方法对8所乡镇卫生院的医院感染管理工作进行现场调查。结果8所乡镇卫生院均存在对医院感染管理认识不足，领导不重视，组织不健全，制度不完善，监测不到位，工作人员医院感染知识缺乏，消毒、隔离、灭菌观念陈旧，知识未更新，管理不到位等问题。结论应加强乡镇卫生院医院感染监控体系的建立,健全各项规章制度；注重培训,增强医务人员医院感染控制意识；开展医院感染各项监测，落实消毒隔离措施, 增添必备设备。

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目的了解某市一级综合医院医院感染管理现状，提出改进措施。方法依据市卫生局制订的一级医院医院感染管理质控标准，对调查医院采用统一问卷、统一方法、统一标准进行现场查看、现场考核、查阅资料。结果共调查市区市直30所一级综合医院，其中公立医院2所,民营股份制医院11所，企业医院17所；存在的主要问题：30所医院均无医院感染管理组织，制度表面化、形式化；仅6所医院有培训；21所医院门诊诊室无洗手设施；存在高压灭菌未进行生物学监测，未做BD试验，设备检测不及时等现象；30所医院的器械清洗设施均不完善；医疗废物和生活垃圾混合盛放现象较普遍，医疗废物暂存处设置场所不合理；16所医院未建立一次性物品出入库登记。结论以《医院感染管理办法》为指导，提高对医院感染管理的认识，强化培训，加强行政监督和处罚力度，对保障基层医院医疗质量和医疗安全具有重要意义。

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超广谱β内酰胺酶（ESBLs）阳性大肠埃希菌较常见，但超超广谱β内酰胺酶（SSBL） 阳性大肠埃希菌少见，我们于 2009 年 11 月从1例胆管炎、脓毒症患者的血液标本中检出了 SSBL 阳性大肠埃希菌，现报告如下。

Abstract:

自1962年人工成功合成了以萘啶酸为代表的第一代喹诺酮类（quinolones）药物至今，已发展到第四代，其中第三、四代又称为氟喹诺酮类药物（fluoroquinolones,FQNs），因其抗菌谱广、抗菌作用强和耐受性好而广泛用于各种感染的治疗。然而，随着喹诺酮类药物的频繁使用，其耐药程度也日趋严重。本文主要针对临床分离的耐喹诺酮类药物金黄色葡萄球菌（简称金葡菌）的流行病学、耐药机制、耐药检测方法及控制对策研究方面作一综述，为该类细菌耐药性的预防与感染控制提供参考。

Abstract:

近20年来，不合理、不规律化学治疗导致结核菌耐药株逐渐增加。耐药结核病已成为引起全球结核病急剧上升的四大原因之一，特别是耐多药肺结核(MDRTB)的发生对结核病控制计划的实施构成严重威胁［1］。我国是世界上第二高发结核病大国，约有500万肺结核患者，具有耐药率高，继发耐多药者逐年增多的特点，近几年甚至有初始耐多药肺结核病(initial MDRTB)的局部流行［2］。耐多药和多耐药肺结核已成为结核治疗的难点和治疗失败的主要原因。目前合理的化学药物仍是治疗MDRTB的最有效武器［3］。但由于肺结核病变的发展阶段和个体身体营养状况不同，化学治疗往往达不到满意的疗效或继发再感染。而且有些患者因长期抗结核化学治疗产生药物副作用而放弃治疗，此外医患的依从性、免疫抑制剂的应用等因素影响药物剂量，从而导致最终治疗失败。因此，更新治疗观念和研制有效、低毒的创新药物十分重要。近年来，国内研究者分别在中药对结核菌体外抑菌作用、对结核病的治疗作用、对结核菌感染免疫力影响等方面进行了研究，有的甚至已深入到分子和基因水平。现对近年来有关中药治疗肺结核，尤其是耐多药肺结核的研究进展作一综述。